Joy Olivia Miller

Archive for the ‘Tax’ Category

How do some people seem to always pay less tax or get a bigger tax refund than anyone else, while you try everything possible, just to break even? What if you could find a way to get 20%, 30% or even 50% more money on your tax refund, how much money would that be? Hundreds, maybe even thousands of dollars.

If you could learn just one thing that would help you to get more money back at tax time, this is it. Learn how to use more Federal tax deductions and tax credits when you prepare your taxes. When you learn how to find and use the over 350 tax deductions and credits that are available to every taxpayer, you get more money back at tax refund time.

Here are just a few of the over 350 free tax deductions and credits available to you:

Home mortgage interest, real estate taxes, property taxes Earned income credit, child tax credit, child care credit Energy tax credits State and local income taxes Charitable contributions Home office deduction Medical and dental expenses You could spend a bundle paying a tax accountant to find every tax deduction and credit, but you no longer have to. I’ll show you how you can use tax deductions and credits to give you a triple digit increase in your income tax refund.

Just one tax credit can get you an extra $500

You’ve practiced energy conservation and purchased energy efficient windows and insulation for your house. You can transform this into an (energy tax credit) on your income tax. This is a true tax credit not just a deduction, in other words you can slice up to $500 off of your tax bill or add it to your refund. You can take the energy tax credit on: Home improvements: windows, high efficiency heating and cooling devices, metal roofs, heat pumps and boilers Efficient cars: gas and electric, diesel, alternative fuel and fuel cells Solar energy: solar heaters, photovoltaic systems and fuel cells Luckily for all of us, there are now free tools on the Internet, to help find more income tax deductions and credits than ever before. This year when tax time rolls around, try searching for those overlooked tax deductions, and make your tax refund bigger than ever!

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Income tax frauds are generally categorized into two types — personal income tax fraud and business income tax fraud. In the case of business income tax frauds, the owner of the company may use his corporate credit card for expenses related to his family; like paying for family vacations; and then reporting these expenses as valid business related expenses and deducting the same from taxable income.

In case of personal income tax frauds a person, although living in a place in the US does not pay the city’s resident personal income tax as he/she may own a summer house at a different place that is used as his/hers tax filing address. Also there are some cases where someone has filed a tax return by using the social security number of some other individual. Such serious fraudulent cases have to be reported to the IRS with the help of the guidelines given below:

To report an individual or a company not complying with the tax laws, you can download Form 3949-A from the IRS website. The form has to be filled and sent by US mail service to the IRS. On the other hand, you can also report an income tax fraud by writing a letter to the IRS. However, when you write a letter, you need to be very precise with the information you furnish. You would be required to give the following information in the letter:

o Name and address of the person committing income tax fraud

o The social security number of the person

o A brief description of the fraudulent activity or violation

o An estimate of the amount involved in the tax fraud

o Your name, address and telephone number.

This information is usually kept confidential and is not revealed at any time whatsoever.

Introduction

There is a clear-cut difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion. One is legally acceptable and the other is an offense. Unfortunately however many consultants even in this country do not understand the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion. Most of the planning aspects that have been suggested by these consultants often fall into the category of tax evasion (which is illegal) and so tends to put clients into a risky situation and also diminish the value of tax planning.

This may be one of the prime reasons where clients have lost faith in tax planning consultants as most of them have often suggested dubious systems which are clearly under the category of tax evasion.

In this chapter I provide some examples and case studies (including legal cases) of how tax evasion (often suggested by consultants purporting to be specialists in tax planning) is undertaken not only in this country but in many parts of the world. It is true that many people do not like to pay their hard-earned money to the government. However doing this in an illegal manner such as by tax evasion is not the answer. Good tax planning involves tax avoidance or the reduction of the tax incidence. If this is done properly it can save substantial amounts of money in a legally acceptable way. This chapter also highlights some practical examples and case studies (including legal) of tax avoidance.

Why Governments Need Your Taxes (Basic Economic Arguments)

Income tax the biggest source of government funds today in most countries is a comparatively recent invention, probably because the notion of annual income is itself a modern concept. Governments preferred to tax things that were easy to measure and on which it was thus easy to calculate the liability. This is why early taxes concentrated on tangible items such as land and property, physical goods, commodities and ships, as well as things such as the number of windows or fireplaces in a building. In the 20th century, particularly the second half, governments around the world took a growing share of their country’s national income in tax, mainly to pay for increasingly more expensive defense efforts and for a modern welfare state. Indirect tax on consumption, such as value-added tax, has become increasingly important as direct taxation on income and wealth has become increasingly unpopular. But big differences among countries remain. One is the overall level of tax. For example, in United States tax revenue amounts to around one-third of its GDP (gross domestic product), whereas in Sweden it is closer to half.

Others are the preferred methods of collecting it (direct versus indirect), the rates at which it is levied and the definition of the tax base to which these rates are applied. Countries have different attitudes to progressive and regressive taxation. There are also big differences in the way responsibility for taxation is divided among different levels of government. Arguably according to the discipline of economics any tax is a bad tax. But public goods and other government activities have to be paid for somehow, and economists often have strong views on which methods of taxation are more or less efficient. Most economists agree that the best tax is one that has as little impact as possible on people’s decisions about whether to undertake a productive economic activity. High rates of tax on labour may discourage people from working, and so result in lower tax revenue than there would be if the tax rate were lower, an idea captured in the Laffer curve in economics theory.

Certainly, the marginal rate of tax may have a bigger effect on incentives than the overall tax burden. Land tax is regarded as the most efficient by some economists and tax on expenditure by others, as it does all the taking after the wealth creation is done. Some economists favor a neutral tax system that does not influence the sorts of economic activities that take place. Others favor using tax, and tax breaks, to guide economic activity in ways they favor, such as to minimize pollution and to increase the attractiveness of employing people rather than capital. Some economists argue that the tax system should be characterized by both horizontal equity and vertical equity, because this is fair, and because when the tax system is fair people may find it harder to justify tax evasion or avoidance.

However, who ultimately pays (the tax incidence) may be different from who is initially charged, if that person can pass it on, say by adding the tax to the price he charges for his output. Taxes on companies, for example, are always paid in the end by humans, be they workers, customers or shareholders. You should note that taxation and its role in economics is a very wide subject and this book does not address the issues of taxation and economics but rather tax planning to improve your economic position. However if you are interested in understanding the role of taxation in economics you should consult a good book on economics which often talks about the impact of different types of taxation on the economic activities of a nation of society.

Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Tax avoidance can be summed as doing everything possible within the law to reduce your tax bill. Learned Hand, an American judge, once said that there is nothing sinister in so arranging one’s affairs as to keep taxes as low as possible as nobody owes any public duty to pay more than the law demands. On the other hand tax evasion can be defined as paying less tax than you are legally obliged to. There may be a thin line between the two, but as Denis Healey, a former British chancellor, once put it, “The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is the thickness of a prison wall.” The courts recognize the fact that no taxpayer is obliged to arrange his/her affairs so as to maximize the tax the government receives. Individuals and businesses are entitled to take all lawful steps to minimize their taxes.

A taxpayer may lawfully arrange her affairs to minimize taxes by such steps as deferring income from one year to the next. It is lawful to take all available tax deductions. It is also lawful to avoid taxes by making charitable contributions. Tax evasion, on the other hand, is a crime. Tax evasion typically involves failing to report income, or improperly claiming deductions that are not authorized. Examples of tax evasion include such actions as when a contractor “forgets” to report the LKR 1, 000,000 cash he receives for building a pool, or when a business owner tries to deduct LKR 1, 000,000 of personal expenses from his business taxes, or when a person falsely claims she made charitable contributions, or significantly overestimates the value of property donated to charity.

Similarly, if an estate is worth LKR 5,000,000 and the executor files a false tax return, improperly omitting property and claiming the estate is only worth LKR 100,000, thus owing much less in taxes. Tax evasion has an impact on our tax system. It causes a significant loss of revenue to the community that could be used for funding improvements in health, education, and other government programs. Tax evasion also allows some businesses to gain an unfair advantage in a competitive market and some individuals to not meet their tax obligations. As a result, the burden of tax not paid by those who choose to evade tax falls on other law abiding taxpayers.

Examples of tax evasion are:

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Real estate depreciation offers substantial opportunity for increasing tax deductions. Most depreciation schedules are established by simply separating land and long-life improvements. This simple approach is lawful but sharply understates lawful depreciation. About 20-40% of improvements for most properties are short-life items. Short life items can be depreciated over 5, 7, or 15 years. There are about 130 short-life items that have been determined by legislation, tax court decisions and IRS rulings.

Real estate depreciation can typically be increased by 50-100% for the first 5-7 years of ownership by obtaining a cost segregation study. A cost segregation study precisely values up to 130 components of real estate that can be valued as short-life property.

By obtaining a cost segregation study, it is possible to obtain a windfall of tax deductions by “catching-up” previously under-reported depreciation. This one-time “catch-up” can occur in the first tax return filed after the cost segregation study is performed without filing any amended tax returns.

Reviewing fixed asset listings (of business personal property) can generate a meaningful amount of tax deductions. They often include items that should have been expensed, which have been sold or thrown away or which have an excessive depreciation life. Items that should have been expensed include operating expenses (sometimes included by error) and maintenance or repairs (which was necessary but did not increase the life of the assets or component.) Section 179 allows business to use up to $108,000 of 2006 capital expenditures as tax deductions. Confirm you are not capitalizing assets that could be claimed as a tax deduction.

Casualty losses also offer opportunity for tax deductions. For a casualty loss, you can deduct: 1) the market value immediately before the casualty less 2) the market value immediately after the casualty less the amount covered by insurance. The portion that is not intuitive is: the market value after the casualty is much less than the value before plus the cost to renovate. Other factors which can and should be considered for tax deductions are: lost rent/usage, stigma (in some cases), construction management, construction risks, and entrepreneurial effort.

Bad debts are a subjective matter. Judgment is required to accurately estimate the amount that should be claimed as a tax deduction. If bad debts have not been examined carefully for several years, they may offer a meaningful tax deduction opportunity. (This applies to companies who utilize accrual accounting. Companies who use cash accounting can’t claim a tax deduction for bad debt since they never recognized the revenue.)

Do well by doing good. You reduce taxes in several ways when making charitable contributions. For example, you purchased land 10 years ago for $200,000, and it is now worth $1,000,000. However, you now realize you will never use the land for the intended purpose. You can donate the land to a qualified charitable organization and take a tax deduction for $1,000,000. However, you do not have to pay capital gains taxes on the appreciation.

Tax deductions sometimes seem arcane and complicated. However, a knowledgeable team of advisors from several fields can reduce your federal income taxes. The complexity of the tax code makes it difficult for any one personal to be knowledgeable in all areas.

Cost segregation produces tax deductions and reduces federal income taxes across the country and in every size market. Below are just a few examples of cities where cost segregation generates meaningful tax deductions.

City:

New York, NY Houston, TX Hartford, CT Las Vegas, NV Memphis, TN Philadelphia, PA Orlando, FL Phoenix, AZ Atlanta, GA Bridgeport, CT Worcester, MA Akron, OH Harrisburg, PA Salt Lake City, UT St. Louis, MO Portland, OR Scranton, PA Greenville, SC Bakersfield, CA Madison, WI Chicago, IL Fresno, CA Riverside, CA Albany, NY Indianapolis, IN Birmingham, AL Ft. Lauderdale, FL Baton Rouge, LA Augusta, GA Honolulu, HI Cost segregation produces tax deductions for virtually all property types, including the following:

Property Type:

Medical facility Shopping mall Restaurant Country club Fast food restaurant Power center Hotel Car wash facility Convenience store Health spa Almost every industry, including the following, can generate cost-efficient tax deductions by using cost segregation.

Industry:

Golf courses and country clubs Transportation equipment manufacturing Electrical component manufacturing Real estate lesser Apparel manufacturing Wood product manufacturing Plastic and rubber products manufacturing Furniture stores Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing Building supply dealers

Tax reduction services include federal income taxes, state income taxes and property taxes. We do not prepare income tax returns. Instead, our advisors review your circumstances and suggest cost effective options to lawfully reduce your income tax liability. 5. O’Connor & Associates is a national provider of commercial real estate consulting services including cost segregation studies, tax reduction, feasibility studies, tax return review, apartment inspections . O’connor associates services includes business valuation tax deduction, due diligence, income tax, tax reduction, property tax, feasibility studies, real estate consulting, market research, Denton Central Appraisal District, Tips and Tricks for Appealing Your Property Taxes in Collin, Collin county appraisal, Federal tax reduction

Are you wondering how much money you’ll get back on income tax this year? Are bills piling up, or are you thinking about a spring vacation to a warm beach?

Whether you use income tax refund money to pay bills or go on a vacation, you have the opportunity to know how much money that will be today. By estimating your taxes, you can project the amount you will receive at tax time.

By tax estimating you can assess your income up to today, project the amount you expect to make prior to tax time, and give you a reasonable estimate of what your tax debt and possible refund will be.

Are you worried that you are lending the government money that you could be collecting interest on? If you are getting a large refund each year, you are essentially extending the government a no interest loan. They are using your money for much of the year and then repaying you with no interest!

If you owe the government money at tax time they will charge you interest if you can’t pay it all at once. This hardly seems fair! Stay ahead of the game by putting your weekly tax contribution into a guaranteed savings plan until tax time, this way you collect the interest, not the government.

A tax estimator, calculator program can help you decide how much you can put into interest earning savings each week and still meet you tax obligation at tax time.

Are you having trouble paying your household bills and getting a big refund at the end of the year? Tax estimating can help you better predict how much you need to contribute to your tax obligation in each paycheck. Perhaps you are paying too much. Tax estimating can help you decide if you are contributing too little or too much. Wouldn’t it be better to have that money when you need it, then to wait until tax time?

Tax estimation can be your right hand man, assisting you to make fiscally sound decisions about your money. You can make wise decisions about when and how Uncle Sam gets his money. You can be in the driver’s seat!

As we approach Tax Season, I wonder how many people understand the potentially vast differences in the quality of tax return preparation? Are tax returns really the commodity that they seem to be? Is a tax return prepared by the tax service in the mall of the same quality as that prepared by a major CPA firm? What does it mean to have a “quality” tax return? In fact, can a tax return be prepared in such a way as to reduce income taxes?

As someone who has been involved in the tax return preparation process for almost 30 years, let me share some thoughts on this subject.

Accuracy in a tax return simply means that the information provided by the client was reflected on the tax return. It does not mean that the tax return was prepared in the BEST way it could have been prepared. In fact, I RARELY see a tax return from a new client that was prepared the way I would prepare it.

Let me give you some examples. Suppose you have some expenses that could either qualify as investment expenses or business expenses. Either classification would be “deductible” on the tax return. BUT, a business expense is MORE DEDUCTIBLE than an investment expense. How is that possible? An investment expense is deducted on Schedule A and is classified as a “Miscellaneous Itemized Deduction.” There are several limitations on a miscellaneous itemized deduction. First, you only get to deduct these type of expenses to the extent they exceed 2% of your income. So, if you have $300,000 of income and $7,000 of investment expenses, you only get to deduct $1,000. What’s worse is that if you are in the Alternative Minimum Tax like millions of taxpayers, you don’t get any benefit for your investment expenses.

On the other hand, if you were able to deduct these same expense on your Schedule C or your Schedule E, you would be able to deduct 100% of the expenses. In addition, the expenses would reduce your self-employment income from your business. That’s another 15.3% tax benefit on top of the income tax benefit.

Another example of less than stellar tax return preparation relates to depreciation. Depreciation is the government’s gift back to investors, especially real estate investors, for investing in long-term assets such as equipment and buildings. What most tax preparers don’t understand is the idea of a cost segregation or chattel appraisal. The whole goal with depreciation is to get more of it sooner. This provides the investor with a terrific tax benefit in the early years of property ownership. And under the important wealth creation principles of leverage and velocity, the sooner we have cash, the sooner we can invest it and obtain major returns from our investment. The problem appears to be a lack of knowledge from many tax preparers and CPAs about the rules surrounding cost segregation.

The one area where I do see mistakes relates to those taxpayers who file returns in multiple states. This is a specialty area of mine, which I teach at Arizona State University. Even in the major firms, there is a lack of understanding by the Federal tax departments of the many opportunities for tax savings when preparing multistate tax returns.

What it comes down to is whether your tax preparer/CPA has the knowledge and creativity necessary to prepare the BEST return possible. And is it worth it to you to pay a little more to get the better result? Are you focused on the amount you pay your advisors or are you focused on the return they provide you on your investment? Let me give you an example.

Suppose you have a choice of paying $750 for your tax return to a small CPA firm or $2,000 to an innovative, knowledgeable firm. All things being equal, anyone would choose to pay the lesser amount. But what if all things are not equal? What if the $750 gets you an adequate, accurate return but the $2,000 would get you a return where you pay $5,000 less in tax? Which is the better deal? In one, you are out $750 with no return on your investment. In the other, you are net ahead $3,000. Clearly, the $2,000 fee returns a greater value.

This tax season, review your own tax situation and the advice you are receiving from your tax preparer/CPA. Are you getting the return on investment you want? Are you getting the planning ideas you need? Are your taxes going down or do they continue to increase? Taxes are such a major part of your wealth creation that you cannot afford to ignore one of the most important part of the tax planning process – tax return preparation.

Warmest regards,

Tom